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Observatory · Provenance

Source catalogue

Statistical sources used by the Observatory are registered separately from the values they support, so producer, publication, edition, licence and methodology can be documented when available.

Official source names and publication titles are kept in their original form; descriptive and methodological notes are presented in the selected interface language.

Camera di commercio di Cuneo / InfoCamere

L’imprenditoria straniera in provincia di Cuneo (2015–2024)

Camera di commercio di Cuneo / InfoCamere — serie storica imprese straniere 2015–2024

Edition: Serie storica 2015–2024 — dati al 31 dicembre

Serie storica del Registro Imprese. La pubblicazione della Camera di commercio di Cuneo riporta, per l’Italia, gli stock annuali di imprese straniere al 31 dicembre, su dati InfoCamere. “Impresa straniera” indica un’impresa in cui la partecipazione di persone non nate in Italia è complessivamente superiore al 50%; il dato riguarda imprese, non persone.

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Eurostat

lfsa_esgan — Self-employed persons by citizenship

Eurostat — Self-employed persons by citizenship

Edition: 2026-06-30T11:00:00+0200

LFS self-employed by citizenship. Attribution to Eurostat required. Free re-use with acknowledgement. Citizenship is not the same as country of birth or a chamber-of-commerce foreign-controlled enterprise.

Licence/use: Eurostat free re-use with attribution; state modifications if any. Verified 13 August 2026.

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InfoCamere / Unioncamere / Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali

L’imprenditoria straniera in Italia. Una lettura attraverso i dati del Registro Imprese. I semestre 2025

Futurae — Imprenditoria straniera in Italia, I semestre 2025

Edition: I semestre 2025 — dati aggiornati al 30 giugno 2025

Published: 2025-09-25

Business Register. InfoCamere defines a ‘foreign’ enterprise as one in which the overall participation of natural persons not born in Italy exceeds 50%, combining ownership shares and administrative roles according to the type of enterprise. The figure is not the number of migrant entrepreneurs and should not be compared directly with LFS self-employment indicators.

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InfoCamere / Unioncamere / Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali

Unioncamere Magazine n. 4/2026 — Imprenditoria straniera: una spinta vitale per il Sistema Italia

Futurae / Unioncamere — imprese straniere, fine 2025

Edition: Dati aggiornati al 31 dicembre 2025

Business Register data processed by InfoCamere within Futurae. The Unioncamere contribution reports the stock of foreign-led enterprises and compares it with the overall business base.

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OECD

International Migration Outlook 2024 — Migrant entrepreneurship in OECD countries, Table 4.1

OECD — Self-employment rate by place of birth, 2022

Edition: International Migration Outlook 2024 — Table 4.1, reference year 2022

Self-employment rate among the employed population, by place of birth. Foreign-born and native-born are population groups, not citizenship categories. For the selected European countries the chapter relies on EU-LFS 2022; the OECD average covers 37 countries. The indicator is not a count of registered firms and should not be treated as the same measure as InfoCamere Business Register data.

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